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- MUSIC, Page 90Now, a Grab for New Chairs
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- Karajan and Previn quit, and the big scramble begins
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- By Michael Walsh
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- Just last year Herbert von Karajan bravely declared, "As
- long as my arm can hold a baton I will remain, and as long as
- I live there will be no discussion about a successor." But last
- week the iron chancellor of the Berlin Philharmonic abruptly
- ended his distinguished 34-year tenure as conductor-for-life.
- With a curt, 17-line note to West Berlin's new culture minister
- Anke Martiny, the Salzburg-born Karajan, 81, severed his often
- troubled relationship with an orchestra widely regarded as the
- finest in the world. The reason given was ill health, but to an
- even greater extent Karajan was bowing to pressure from both his
- restive orchestra and the West Berlin senate.
-
- A day later, halfway around the world, the courtly Andre
- Previn decided that the Los Angeles Philharmonic was not big
- enough for both him and the orchestra's strong-willed managing
- director Ernest Fleischmann, whose high-handed ways alienated
- Previn. "It has become obvious to me there is no room for a
- music director," said Previn. The startling announcements fueled
- a flurry of who-goes-where speculation that had already begun
- in Paris, where the new Opera de la Bastille is seeking an
- artistic director to replace the fired Daniel Barenboim (who has
- been named Sir Georg Solti's successor with the Chicago
- Symphony), and in Manhattan, where the New York Philharmonic
- must replace Zubin Mehta, 53, who has said he will leave in
- 1991.
-
- Every few years the music stops and a handful of big-name
- box-office attractions make a grab for one another's chairs. It
- happened a few years ago when Previn left the Pittsburgh
- Symphony; Lorin Maazel quit the Vienna State Opera and landed
- in Pittsburgh; Riccardo Muti, 47, conductor of the Philadelphia
- Orchestra, added the directorship of La Scala in Milan to his
- resume; La Scala's former leader, Claudio Abbado, 55, headed for
- Vienna. About the only one who did not go anywhere then was the
- New York Metropolitan Opera's James Levine, 45.
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- Now the musical merry-go-round is spinning again. Today
- Levine is the favorite to step into Karajan's shoes, thanks to
- his good working relationship with the self-governing ensemble
- during his regular guest-conducting stints. Other possible
- contenders: Maazel, the Boston Symphony's Seiji Ozawa,
- Philadelphia's Muti and, farther afield, Leonard Bernstein, now
- a freelance guest conductor. What marks the new sweepstakes is
- the increasing desperation with which orchestras pursue the same
- handful of podium personalities. It is not that there are too
- few good conductors, but that there are so few who meet the
- economic requirements: a hefty recording contract, a telegenic
- personality and the ability to pull in a crowd both at home and
- on the road. In the U.S. a conductor must also subject himself
- (there are no women on the short list) to endless rounds of
- glad-handing and fund raising, while in Berlin he must have the
- political skills of a Franz von Papen to deal with a fractious
- orchestra and a powerful city bureaucracy.
-
- "I'm afraid that the economics of the situation has much
- more to do with it than the music," says Gideon Toeplitz, vice
- president and managing director of the Pittsburgh Symphony. "The
- conductor needs sex appeal." Conductors themselves are well
- aware of the new realities. "Most orchestras today go for
- someone who is well before the public eye to assure ticket sales
- and recording contracts," says Leonard Slatkin, 44, who recently
- re-upped with the St. Louis Symphony but has not closed the door
- to a draft.
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- Behind Slatkin is a group of younger conductors seeking
- their break into the big leagues. Among them: Finland's
- Esa-Pekka Salonen, 30, principal conductor of the Swedish Radio
- Symphony; England's Simon Rattle, 34, who leads the City of
- Birmingham Symphony Orchestra in Britain; and Russian-born
- Semyon Bychkov, 36, who this month will jump from the Buffalo
- Philharmonic to the Orchestre de Paris. All must wait until a
- death or a retirement creates an opening in the front ranks.
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- No matter who gets the job in Berlin, Karajan's successor
- will almost certainly not be offered the life appointment that
- Karajan enjoyed, although the new man will be expected to
- maintain the Philharmonic's highly lucrative recording income
- -- another factor that favors Levine. The New York Philharmonic,
- for its part, has suffered under Mehta's indifferent
- performances and low appeal to record buyers. It needs a
- conductor with fire in the belly like Bernstein; if Billy Martin
- can be hired by the Yankees five times, can't Lenny come back
- once? Los Angeles, where the orchestra plays second fiddle to
- the movies and the Lakers, needs a high-profile glamour boy
- willing, or indifferent enough, to share power with Fleischmann:
- Salonen, perhaps, or Rattle.
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- "The game isn't over yet," says Slatkin. "There will be
- other changes. These three changes will engender more." In the
- high-stakes game of musical chairs that got under way last
- week, the more things change, the more they will stay the same.
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-
- -- Clive Freeman/Berlin and Nancy Newman/New York
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